Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2018 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 5 Articles
Background: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a frequently diagnosed skin cancer\nwith variable histopathological types. BCC was not widely studied in Sudan as\nit is in the Caucasian population. Objectives: To appraise the clinical and histopathological\naspects of BCC of the skin in Sudan. Materials and methods: A\nretrospective descriptive analysis of 84 histologically diagnosed BCC specimens\nseen at three hospitals in four-year duration were reviewed and classified\ninto histological variants according to the WHO classification 2006. Data\nwere analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 23.0.\nResults: The mean age (�±SD) of the study participants was 56 (�±1.75) years,\nranging from 20 to 92 years and 63.1% were females (Female to male ratio\n1.7:1). The most common incidence was among the age group 51 - 60 years.\nThe face was the primary tumor site in 89.3% with a predilection for the nasal\narea (31% of those in the face), followed by the trunk (6%). Out of the total,\n54.8% were histologically categorized as nodular/solid, while infiltrative accounts\nfor 11.9% followed by the superficial type (8.3%). Surgical margins\nwere involved in 34.5% of cases and peri-neural invasion was seen in 3.6% of\ncases, mostly were of the infiltrative variant. Conclusion: BCC in Sudan is\ncommonly present in the head as solid nodular histopathological variant\nwhich is correlated with worldwide distribution but has slightly younger age\nand female predominance; thus further studies are needed to assess risk factors\nin Sudanese patients and improve approaches for earlier diagnosis and\nbetter management....
Purpose. Using rat conjunctival bleb model, we correlated changes morphology and histology in the bleb with changes in MMP-2\nand TIMP-2 levels. Methods. Filtering surgeries were performed on rats. Dynamic changes inmorphology and histopathology were\nobserved using HE staining. Expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 was determined by immunofluorescence microscopy and western\nblotting. Results.Well-elevated filtering blebs formed and persisted for an average of 12 days. Histological examination showed that\ninflammatory was dominant in postoperative days 1ââ?¬â??3, and proliferating manifestation became the main sign 5 days later.Western\nblot showed that MMP-2 was downregulated 1 day after surgery, upregulated at 3 days, and observed with a peak at 7 days; then it\npersisted until 28 days. The difference was statistically significant (F = 280.18, ...
Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (PEA) causes severe hepatotoxicity in experimental\nanimals and is useful in investigations of immune-mediated liver injury. However, strain differences\nin the sensitivity to PEA-induced hepatotoxicity in rats remains be elucidated. In this study, we\ndetermined the severity of PEA-induced hepatotoxicity in six genetically different rat strains. Male LE\n(Long Evans), Wistar, F344, WKY, BN/SsN and LEW rats were administered a single intravenous\ninjection of PEA (20 �¼g/kg). Significantly elevated serum ALT and AST levels, massive necrosis and\nhemorrhage, and numerous TUNEL-positive hepatocytes were observed in BN/SsN rats. In contrast,\nlow levels of ALT and AST as well as mild changes in liver histopathology were observed in\nWistar and F344 rats. Moderate levels of hepatic injuries were observed in LE, WKY, and LEW rats.\nPro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-�±, IL-2 and IL-6 serum levels were markedly increased in\nBN/SsN rats compared toWistar and F344 rats. However, the hepatic levels of low density lipoprotein\nreceptor-related protein (LRP), which functions as the PEA receptor, were not significantly different in\neach strain. Taken together, we suggest that BN/SsN is the most sensitive rat strain, whereas Wistar\nand F344 were the most resistant rat strains to PEA-induced liver damage. The different genetic\nbackground of rat strains plays an important role in the susceptibility to PEA-induced epatotoxicity\nthat may depend on immune-regulation but not LRP receptor levels....
Background: Histologic grade is the most important predictor of the clinical outcome of non-muscle invasive\n(Ta, T1) papillary urothelial carcinoma (NMIPUCa), but its ambiguous criteria diminish its power to predict\nrecurrence/progression for individual patients. We attempted to find an objective and reproducible histologic\npredictor of NMIPUCa that correlates well with the clinical outcome.\nMethods: A total of 296 PUCas were collected from the Departments of Surgical Pathology of 11 institutions in\nSouth Korea. The clinical outcome was grouped into no event (NE), recurrence (R), and progression (P) categories.\nAll 25 histological parameters were numerically redefined. The clinical pathology of each case was reviewed\nindividually by 11 pathologists from 11 institutions based on the 2004 WHO criteria and afterwards blindly\nevaluated by two participants, based on our proposed parameters. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression\nanalyses were performed using the R software package.\nResults: The level of mitoses was the most reliable parameter for predicting the clinical outcome. We propose a\nfour-tiered grading system based on mitotic count (> 10/10 high-power fields), nuclear pleomorphism (smallest-tolargest\nratio of tumor nuclei >20), presence of divergent histology, and capillary proliferation (> 20 capillary lumina\nper papillary core).\nConclusions: The level of mitoses at the initial bladder biopsy and transurethral resection (TUR) specimen appeared\nto be an independent predictor of the Ta PUCa outcome. Other parameters include the number of mitoses, nuclear\npleomorphism, divergent histology, and capillary proliferation within the fibrovascular core. These findings may\nimprove selection of patients for a therapeutic strategy as compared to previous grading systems....
Background. This study investigated whether quercetin could alleviate vascular calcification in experimental chronic renal failure\nrats induced by adenine. Methods. 32 adultmaleWistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups fed normal diet, normal diet with\nquercetin supplementation (25mg/kg�BW/d), 0.75% adenine diet, or adenine diet with quercetin supplementation. All rats were\nsacrificed after 6 weeks of intervention. Serum renal functions biomarkers and oxidative stress biomarkers were measured and\nstatus of vascular calcification in aorta was assessed. Furthermore, the induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)/p38mitogen activated\nprotein kinase (p38MAPK) pathway was determined to explore the potential mechanism. Results. Adenine successfully induced\nrenal failure and vascular calcification in rat model. Quercetin supplementation reversed unfavorable changes of phosphorous,\nuric acid (UA) and creatinine levels, malonaldehyde (MDA) content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in serum and the\nincreases of calcium and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the aorta (...
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